sequence diagram exercises and solutions

This project is to deals with development of automatic powdering of almond and packaging system using PLC. The modern PLC's are used in color mixing plant, milk industries, chemicals, foods, mineral water and many more manufacturing, processing and packaging industries. Now a days, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is widely used in applications of digital world which is applied at the industrial sector. HMI (Human interface) is used to monitor the process by means of a System display. PLC's are user-efficient, cost-effective and easy to control. PLC usage can be encountered in almost all fields of industry, not only in the manufacturing world but also with many other applications such as: elevators in office buildings, hotels, hospitals, and others. After successful capping operation, the sealed bottles move towards the exit and a new set of empty bottle arrive, and the process is repeated.

At first a set of empty bottle is run by using a conveyor towards the filling section the filled bottles are sent to the capping section. Basic stages of a bottling plant operation are presented, i.e. To improve the traditional bottle filling operation, the adjustable filling and capping machine is designed to reduce the human efforts and labor requirement. Whereas mechanization provides human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Automation is also the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services.

One of the most important applications of automation process is in beverages and soft drinks industries, where continuous filling and capping process is carried out. The Automation plays an important role in today's world economy. The application of low cost industrial automation (LCA), particularly in small scale industries with simple usage of devices like pneumatic, hydraulic actuators with electrical control to the existing conventional methods will yield higher productivity. In today's fast-automated production, low cost automation (LCA) using programmable logic controller plays a very important role by its repeatability, tighter quality control, low power consumption, low operational cost, less maintenance, waste reduction or filling accuracy, increase in productivity and reduction of labor in the small scale sector.

Sequence diagram exercises and solutions